See graban in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grafan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: grafan\nMiddle English: graven, grafe, grave, gravyn\nEnglish: grave (obsolete)\n⇒ English: engrave\nScots: grave",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: grafan\nMiddle English: graven, grafe, grave, gravyn\nEnglish: grave (obsolete)\n⇒ English: engrave\nScots: grave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "greva"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: greva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: greva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "greeuwe"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: greeuwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: greeuwe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gravan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: gravan\nMiddle Low German: graven, grāven\nGerman Low German: graven\n→ West Frisian: grave",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: gravan\nMiddle Low German: graven, grāven\nGerman Low German: graven\n→ West Frisian: grave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gravan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: gravan\nMiddle Dutch: grāven\nDutch: graven\nAfrikaans: graaf\nJersey Dutch: xrâve\nNegerhollands: graav, graev\nLimburgish: grave",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: gravan\nMiddle Dutch: grāven\nDutch: graven\nAfrikaans: graaf\nJersey Dutch: xrâve\nNegerhollands: graav, graev\nLimburgish: grave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "graban"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: graban",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: graban"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "graben"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: graben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: graben"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "graben"
},
"expansion": "German: graben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: graben"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gruewen"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: gruewen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: gruewen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "גראָבן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: גראָבן (grobn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: גראָבן (grobn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*grabō",
"bor": "1",
"t": "to engrave"
},
"expansion": "→ Vulgar Latin: *grabō (“to engrave”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vulgar Latin: *grabō (“to engrave”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grabaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grabaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *grabaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "graban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grabannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grabannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grabannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grabu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grōb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grabiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grabidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grōb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grabum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grabid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "graband",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grabē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grabēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grabē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grabēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grabēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grabēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grab",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grabid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grabandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "graban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*graban",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/graban",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to dig"
],
"id": "en-graban-gmw-pro-verb-Dmbqc2e4",
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to engrave"
],
"id": "en-graban-gmw-pro-verb-I4iLYiO3",
"links": [
[
"engrave",
"engrave"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "graban"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 6 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grafan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: grafan\nMiddle English: graven, grafe, grave, gravyn\nEnglish: grave (obsolete)\n⇒ English: engrave\nScots: grave",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: grafan\nMiddle English: graven, grafe, grave, gravyn\nEnglish: grave (obsolete)\n⇒ English: engrave\nScots: grave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "greva"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: greva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: greva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "greeuwe"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: greeuwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: greeuwe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gravan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: gravan\nMiddle Low German: graven, grāven\nGerman Low German: graven\n→ West Frisian: grave",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: gravan\nMiddle Low German: graven, grāven\nGerman Low German: graven\n→ West Frisian: grave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gravan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: gravan\nMiddle Dutch: grāven\nDutch: graven\nAfrikaans: graaf\nJersey Dutch: xrâve\nNegerhollands: graav, graev\nLimburgish: grave",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: gravan\nMiddle Dutch: grāven\nDutch: graven\nAfrikaans: graaf\nJersey Dutch: xrâve\nNegerhollands: graav, graev\nLimburgish: grave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "graban"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: graban",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: graban"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "graben"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: graben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: graben"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "graben"
},
"expansion": "German: graben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: graben"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gruewen"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: gruewen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: gruewen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "גראָבן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: גראָבן (grobn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: גראָבן (grobn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*grabō",
"bor": "1",
"t": "to engrave"
},
"expansion": "→ Vulgar Latin: *grabō (“to engrave”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vulgar Latin: *grabō (“to engrave”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grabaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grabaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *grabaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "graban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grabannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grabannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grabannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grabu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grōb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grabiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grabidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grōb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grabum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grabid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "graband",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grabē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grabēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grabē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grabēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grabēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grabēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grōbīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grab",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grabid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grabandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "graban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*graban",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/graban",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to dig"
],
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Crafts"
],
"glosses": [
"to engrave"
],
"links": [
[
"engrave",
"engrave"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "graban"
}
Download raw JSONL data for graban meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.